“A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity” is a 1943 article written by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts. The paper, published in the journal The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, proposed a mathematical model of the nervous system as a network of simple logical elements, later known as artificial neurons, or McCulloch-Pitts neurons. These neurons receive inputs, perform a weighted sum, and fire an output signal based on a threshold function. By connecting these units in various configurations, McCulloch and Pitts demonstrated that their model could perform all logical functions.
It is a seminal work in cognitive science, computational neuroscience, computer science, and artificial intelligence. It was a foundational result in automata theory. John von Neumann cited it as a significant result.
Mathematics
The artificial neuron used in the original paper is slightly different from the modern version. They considered neural networks that operate in discrete steps of time
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Source: Wikipedia
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